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Channel surface : ウィキペディア英語版
Channel surface

A channel or canal surface is a surface formed as the envelope of a family of spheres whose centers lie on a space curve, its ''directrix''. If the radii of the generating spheres are constant the canal surface is called pipe surface. Simple examples are:
* right circular cylinder (pipe surface, directrix is a line, the axis of the cylinder)
* torus (pipe surface, directrix is a circle),
* right circular cone (canal surface, directrix is a line (the axis), radii of the spheres not constant),
* surface of revolution (canal surface, directrix is a line),
Canal surfaces play an essential role in descriptive geometry, because in case of an orthographic projection its contour curve can be drawn as the envelope of circles.
*In technical area canal surfaces can be used for ''blending surfaces'' smoothly.
== Envelope of a pencil of implicit surfaces ==
Given the pencil of implicit surfaces
:\Phi_c: f(,c)=0 , c\in ().
Two neighboring surfaces \Phi_c and
\Phi_ intersect in a curve that fulfills the equations
: f(,c)=0 and f(,c+\Delta c)=0.
For the limit \Delta c \to 0 one gets
f_c(,c)= \lim_ \frac,c+\Delta c)}=0.
The last equation is the reason for the following definition
* Let be \Phi_c: f(,c)=0 , c\in () a 1-parameter pencil of regular implicit C^2 - surfaces ( f is at least twice continuously differentiable). The surface defined by the two equations
*: f(,c)=0, \quad f_c(,c)=0
is the envelope of the given pencil of surfaces.〔(''Geometry and Algorithms for COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN'' ), p. 115〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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